Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Epistasis Analysis01:09

Epistasis Analysis

5.6K
Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
5.6K
Cochran's Q Test01:17

Cochran's Q Test

930
Cochran's Q Test is a nonparametric statistical test used to determine if there are potential differences in the outcomes of three or more related groups on a binary (yes/no) or dichotomous outcome. It is essentially an extension of the McNemar Test, which is limited to two related samples - Cochran's Q test can handle three or more related samples, making it more versatile in scenarios where subjects are measured under multiple conditions. The test statistic follows a Chi-Square...
930
Multiple Allele Traits01:49

Multiple Allele Traits

37.9K
The Concept of Multiple Allelism
37.9K
Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

8.8K
The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
8.8K
Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

50.0K
In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
50.0K
Detection of Gross Error: The Q Test01:00

Detection of Gross Error: The Q Test

6.8K
When one or more data points appear far from the rest of the data, there is a need to determine whether they are outliers and whether they should be eliminated from the data set to ensure an accurate representation of the measured value. In many cases, outliers arise from gross errors (or human errors) and do not accurately reflect the underlying phenomenon. In some cases, however, these apparent outliers reflect true phenomenological differences. In these cases, we can use statistical methods...
6.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A transcription factor modulates dermal architecture to generate structural and pigment color diversity in lizards.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Ultrarapid MC1R protein and associated plumage color evolution in the domestic chicken.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Sperm, egg, and embryo proteins critical for genetic adaptation of herring to low salinity in the Baltic Sea.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

The C16orf87 protein is a subunit of the MIER corepressor complex controlling embryonic development and cell migration.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

The population structure in the Baltic herring reflects natural selection and local adaptation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Beyond Mendel: a call to revisit the genotype-phenotype map through new experimental paradigms.

Genetics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation
07:15

Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation

Published on: January 16, 2019

11.3K

Use of randomization testing to detect multiple epistatic QTLs.

Orjan Carlborg1, Leif Andersson

  • 1Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BMC, Box 597, S-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden. orjan.carlborg@hgen.slu.se

Genetical Research
|June 21, 2002
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel randomization testing strategy for mapping interacting quantitative trait loci (QTLs). This method enhances the power to detect epistatic QTLs in complex genetic models.

More Related Videos

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
05:53

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 21, 2018

10.5K
QTL Mapping and CRISPR/Cas9 Editing to Identify a Drug Resistance Gene in Toxoplasma gondii
11:37

QTL Mapping and CRISPR/Cas9 Editing to Identify a Drug Resistance Gene in Toxoplasma gondii

Published on: June 22, 2017

16.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation
07:15

Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation

Published on: January 16, 2019

11.3K
Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
05:53

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 21, 2018

10.5K
QTL Mapping and CRISPR/Cas9 Editing to Identify a Drug Resistance Gene in Toxoplasma gondii
11:37

QTL Mapping and CRISPR/Cas9 Editing to Identify a Drug Resistance Gene in Toxoplasma gondii

Published on: June 22, 2017

16.7K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Statistical Genetics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Understanding the genetic architecture of complex traits requires identifying interactions between quantitative trait loci (QTLs).
  • Traditional methods may struggle to detect epistatic interactions, especially when individual QTLs have small marginal effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a randomization testing strategy for mapping interacting QTLs.
  • To increase the power of QTL mapping by simultaneously considering epistatic interactions.

Main Methods:

  • A forward selection strategy incorporating non-interacting QTLs and simultaneously mapped interacting QTL pairs.
  • Randomization testing to determine empirical significance thresholds for model selection.
  • A simulation study to assess statistical properties and identify conditions where simultaneous mapping of epistatic QTLs improves power.
  • Utilizing least squares regression for QTL parameter estimation and a genetic algorithm for searching interacting QTL pairs.

Main Results:

  • The proposed strategy allows for the detection of interacting QTL pairs that might be missed by marginal effect analysis.
  • Simultaneous mapping of epistatic QTLs was shown to increase mapping power under specific epistasis types.
  • The method is computationally feasible for single-processor computers.

Conclusions:

  • The developed randomization testing strategy effectively facilitates the evaluation of epistatic interactions among QTLs.
  • This approach is valuable for understanding the genetic basis of multifactorial traits and disorders.