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Cellular protection with proanthocyanidins derived from grape seeds
Debasis Bagchi1, Manashi Bagchi, Sidney j Stohs
1Department of Pharmacy Services, Creighton University School of Pharmacy & Allied Health Professions, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA. debsis@creighton.edu
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|June 21, 2002
Summary
Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) effectively scavenges free radicals and protects against various toxicities. This potent antioxidant demonstrates significant anti-cancer properties and enhances normal cell viability, offering therapeutic potential.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Natural Product Chemistry
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSP) exhibit diverse pharmacological properties, particularly against oxidative stress.
- Previous research indicates GSP's potential in combating free radical damage.
- The specific extract IH636 proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) has shown promise in preliminary studies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the free radical scavenging ability of GSPE compared to established antioxidants.
- To assess the cytotoxic effects of GSPE on cancer cells versus normal cells.
- To investigate the protective mechanisms and bioavailability of GSPE against various drug-induced toxicities in vivo.
Main Methods:
- In vitro assays for free radical scavenging and cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines (breast, lung, gastric) and normal cells.
- In vivo studies in mice examining GSPE's protective effects against acetaminophen, amiodarone, doxorubicin, DMN, and MOCAP-induced toxicities.
- Assessment of serum chemistry, genomic DNA integrity, histopathology, gene expression (bcl2, p53, c-myc), cytochrome P450 2E1 activity, and VCAM-1 expression.
Main Results:
- GSPE exhibited superior free radical scavenging compared to vitamins C, E, and beta-carotene.
- GSPE selectively induced cytotoxicity in cancer cells while enhancing normal cell viability.
- GSPE provided significant protection against multiple drug-induced toxicities, preserving tissue integrity and reducing apoptosis/necrosis, potentially via inhibition of cytochrome P450 2E1 and VCAM-1.
Conclusions:
- Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) is a potent antioxidant with selective anti-cancer properties.
- GSPE demonstrates high bioavailability and effectively protects against diverse drug- and chemical-induced organ toxicities in vivo.
- GSPE represents a promising therapeutic agent for preventing oxidative stress and chemical-induced damage.