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Related Experiment Videos

Higher-order retrospective revaluation in human causal learning.

Jan De Houwer1, Tom Beckers

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Highfield, UK. jandh@soton.ac.uk

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. B, Comparative and Physiological Psychology
|June 22, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Participants can revise their causal judgments even when the competing cue is indirectly linked to the target cue. These retrospective revaluation effects extend beyond direct associations, impacting higher-order causal reasoning.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Learning and memory
  • Causal inference

Background:

  • Previous research shows causal judgments are updated based on new information about competing cues.
  • Retrospective revaluation occurs when a competing cue's causal status is revealed after target-outcome learning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if retrospective revaluation effects extend to indirectly associated cues.
  • To test the explanatory power of different computational models for these effects.

Main Methods:

  • Participants learned associations between cues and outcomes.
  • Information about the causal status of competing cues was introduced.
  • Participants' retrospective ratings of target-outcome relations were analyzed.

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Main Results:

  • Retrospective revaluation effects were observed for both directly and indirectly associated target cues.
  • These findings support second-order and third-order retrospective revaluation.

Conclusions:

  • The probabilistic contrast model and a modified comparator model can explain these extended revaluation effects.
  • Revised Rescorla-Wagner and SOP models do not adequately account for second- and third-order retrospective revaluation.