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Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer
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[Molecular model of binding of estradiol and 8-isoestradiol with estrogen alpha-receptor]

A G Shavva1, K V Vlasova, S B Tsogoeva

  • 1Chemical Faculty, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, Staryi Petergof, St. Petersburg, 198504 Russia. nmr@paloma.spbu.ru

Bioorganicheskaia Khimiia
|June 25, 2002
PubMed

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Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
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Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
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The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength

The equilibrium binding constant (Kb) quantifies the strength of a protein-ligand interaction. Kb can be calculated as follows when the reaction is at equilibrium:
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Types of Receptors: Internal Receptors

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Similar to membrane-bound receptors, the binding of a ligand to the intracellular receptor of causes a conformational change in the...
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The Two-State Receptor Model

The two-state receptor model explains a drug's interaction with receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors and ligand-gated ion channels, to induce or inhibit a biological response. When no natural ligands are present, a receptor exists in an equilibrium of inactive (Ri) and active (Ra) conformations. The inactive form does not produce a response, while the active form generates a basal effect known as constitutive activity.
The binding affinity of a drug determines its interaction with one...