Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 18, 2026
Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis
Published on: September 26, 2018
[Arterial diseases in women using combined hormonal contraceptives]
M Novotná1, V Unzeitig, T Novotný
1Gynekologícko-porodnické oddĕlení, Nemocnice Milosrdných bratrí, Brno.
Objective:
To determine the association between myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke and use of combined oral contraceptives.
Design:
Review of literature.
Setting:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital of Merciful Brothers, Brno, Czech Republic.
Methods:
Identification of methodologically sound studies able to address the topic. Studies were identified by Medline database search.
Results:
Five the most recent and important studies were the main source of information (Oxford Family Planning Association Contraception Study 1984, Royal College of General Practitioners' Study 1994, WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception 1996, 1997, Transnational Study on Oral Contraceptives and the Health of Young Women 1997, Myocardial Infarction and Oral Contraceptives Study, 1997). Generally there was no evidence of a significantly increased risk of arterial wall disease in healthy non smoked users younger than 35 years. No difference between second and third generation oral contraceptives on risk of arterial wall disease were found. In the most of cases of myocardial infarction or stroke one or more risk factor were identified. Two of the most relevant risk factors are smoking and the absence of blood pressure control.
Conclusion:
The risk of arterial cardiovascular system diseases seems not to be increased at no-risk users (healthy non-smoker younger than 35 years).
Related Concept Videos
01:18Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications
01:23Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
01:22Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
01:30Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle. At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
01:24Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
01:27Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care