Optimized underwater diathermy for vitreous surgery.

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmic Surgery
• Medical Device Engineering
• Electrosurgery

Background:

• Radio frequency (RF) diathermy currents are crucial in surgical procedures.
• Traditional damped diathermy currents have limitations in precision and safety.
• Advancements in RF diathermy technology are needed for specialized ophthalmic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the properties of RF diathermy currents for ophthalmic surgery.
• To introduce and describe a new diathermy machine and electrode system.
• To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the described system in surgical settings.

Main Methods:

• A diathermy machine operating at 13.56 MHz with a power amplifier and crystal control was utilized.
• Two types of shielded electrodes and handles were designed: one for open-sky vitrectomies and another for closed transscleral operations with saline infusion.
• Current requirements for underwater use and optimal intensity settings to prevent tissue charring were determined.

Main Results:

• The recommended diathermy machine ensures precise current delivery.
• Electrodes require significantly more current (35-50%) in underwater conditions.
• Optimal intensity settings near gas bubble formation prevent tissue charring.
• Reliable and safe closure of blood vessels was achieved using the described electrodes.

Conclusions:

• The described 13.56 MHz RF diathermy system with specialized electrodes is effective for ophthalmic surgery.
• The system allows for precise control, minimizing risks like tissue charring.
• This technology offers reliable hemostasis during vitrectomies and transscleral procedures.