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Related Experiment Videos

Two studies examining the negative effect of self-efficacy on performance.

Jeffrey B Vancouver1, Charles M Thompson, E Casey Tischner

  • 1Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens 45701, USA. vancouve@ohio.edu

The Journal of Applied Psychology
|July 2, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Higher self-efficacy can paradoxically decrease performance over time. This occurs because increased self-efficacy leads to overconfidence and more errors in tasks requiring continuous assessment and adjustment.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Numerous studies link higher self-efficacy to better performance.
  • However, longitudinal studies reveal a negative relationship between self-efficacy and performance across repeated measures.
  • Perceptual control theory predicts this counterintuitive negative relationship.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally confirm the causal role of self-efficacy in performance.
  • To substantiate the explanation for the negative relationship between self-efficacy and performance over time.

Main Methods:

  • Study 1: Manipulated self-efficacy in 43 undergraduates playing an analytic game; assessed performance on subsequent trials.
  • Study 2: 104 undergraduates played an analytic game, reporting self-efficacy and confidence in feedback assessment between trials.

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Main Results:

  • In Study 1, manipulated self-efficacy negatively predicted performance on the next trial.
  • In Study 2, higher self-efficacy correlated with overconfidence and an increased likelihood of logic errors.

Conclusions:

  • Self-efficacy can causally lead to decreased performance in tasks requiring repeated assessment.
  • This effect is mediated by overconfidence, which increases the probability of errors.