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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Lipids01:32

Membrane Lipids

Lipids are an essential component of all biological membranes. The average lipid content in mammalian membranes is 50%, though it can be as low as 20% in the inner mitochondrial membrane or as high as 80% in the myelin sheath present around the nerve cells.
Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin are the most common phospholipids present in mammalian membranes. At physiological pH, phosphatidylserine is negatively charged, while the other three...
Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
Membrane Lipids01:32

Membrane Lipids

Lipids are an essential component of all biological membranes. The average lipid content in mammalian membranes is 50%, though it can be as low as 20% in the inner mitochondrial membrane or as high as 80% in the myelin sheath present around the nerve cells.
Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin are the most common phospholipids present in mammalian membranes. At physiological pH, phosphatidylserine is negatively charged, while the other three...

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Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Preparation of Synaptoneurosomes from Mouse Cortex using a Discontinuous Percoll-Sucrose Density Gradient
08:30

Preparation of Synaptoneurosomes from Mouse Cortex using a Discontinuous Percoll-Sucrose Density Gradient

Published on: September 17, 2011

[Interactions between liposomes and synaptosomes].

L Foia1, M Costuleanu, N Costuleanu

  • 1Disciplina de Biochimie, Facultatea de Medicină, Facultatea de Medicină Stomatologică, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie Gr.T. Popa Iaşi.

Revista Medico-Chirurgicala a Societatii De Medici Si Naturalisti Din Iasi
|July 3, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polyamines like agmatine and spermine modulate calcium (Ca2+) influx in rat brain synaptosomes. These findings offer insights into presynaptic modulation mechanisms.

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08:30

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SNARE-mediated Fusion of Single Proteoliposomes with Tethered Supported Bilayers in a Microfluidic Flow Cell Monitored by Polarized TIRF Microscopy
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Using Scaffold Liposomes to Reconstitute Lipid-proximal Protein-protein Interactions In Vitro
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Using Scaffold Liposomes to Reconstitute Lipid-proximal Protein-protein Interactions In Vitro

Published on: January 11, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurochemistry

Context:

  • Presynaptic modulation is crucial for neuronal function.
  • Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) acts as a key signaling molecule in neurons.
  • Rat cortical synaptosomes are used to study synaptic transmission.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the role of polyamines in regulating transmembrane calcium fluxes in rat cortical synaptosomes.
  • To determine the effect of specific polyamines (agmatine, spermine, spermidine, putresceine, cadaverine) on K+-induced Ca2+ influx.
  • To explore the influence of synaptosomal membrane rigidity on Ca2+ influx.

Summary:

  • Potassium (K+)-induced calcium influx in rat cortical synaptosomes is primarily mediated by Q-type and N-type calcium channels.
  • Polyamines, including agmatine and spermine, were found to reduce K+-induced Ca2+ influx in a dose-dependent manner.
  • Agmatine and spermine appear to modulate Ca2+ fluxes from both the intracellular and extracellular sides of the synaptosome.
  • Cholesterol-induced rigidization of the synaptosomal membrane did not significantly alter K+-induced Ca2+ influx.

Impact:

  • Provides evidence for polyamine involvement in presynaptic calcium signaling.
  • Suggests potential therapeutic targets for neurological disorders involving calcium dysregulation.
  • Enhances understanding of the complex mechanisms governing synaptic transmission and modulation.