Noradrenergic control of auditory information processing in female canaries

Didier Appeltants1, Catherine Del Negro, Jacques Balthazart

  • 1Research Group in Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Center for Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Liège, 17 place Delcour (Bat. L1), Belgium.

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The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Early Vocalization During Infancy

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