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Pelvic fracture in geriatric patients: a distinct clinical entity
Sharon M Henry1, Andrew N Pollak, Alan L Jones
1Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. tscalea@umm.edu
Insights
Older patients with pelvic fractures experience more bleeding and worse outcomes, often requiring transfusions and angiography. Recognizing these differences is key for early intervention and improved patient care.
Area of Science:
- Trauma surgery
- Geriatric trauma
- Orthopedic surgery
Background:
- Pelvic fractures present unique challenges in trauma care.
- Age-related differences in injury patterns and outcomes are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare demographics, injury patterns, transfusion requirements, and outcomes of pelvic fractures in older versus younger patients.
- To identify risk factors for adverse events in elderly patients with pelvic fractures.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of a trauma registry.
- Inclusion criteria: patients with pelvic fractures admitted directly from the scene (January 1998 - December 1999).
- Comparison of outcomes between patients aged >55 years and <55 years.
Main Results:
- Older patients (17%) had higher transfusion rates (2.8x) and required more blood (median 7.5 units).
- Lateral compression (LC) fractures were more frequent in older patients, often leading to significant blood loss.
- Older patients faced higher mortality risk, especially with moderate injury severity (ISS 15-25), and underwent angiography more often.
Conclusions:
- Pelvic fractures in older adults are associated with increased hemorrhage, higher transfusion needs, and more frequent angiography.
- Distinct fracture patterns, particularly lateral compression fractures, contribute to adverse outcomes in the elderly.
- Early identification of high-risk older patients is crucial for refining diagnostic and resuscitation strategies to improve outcomes.
Background:
The purpose of this study was to describe differences in demographics, injury pattern, transfusion needs, and outcome of pelvic fractures in older versus younger patients.
Methods:
This was a retrospective registry review of all patients with pelvic fractures admitted directly from the scene between January 1998 and December 1999.
Results:
We cared for 234 patients with pelvic fractures during the study period. Mean age was 37.2 years, 51% were men, and mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 19. Overall mortality was 9%. Eighty-three percent were under the age of 55 years and 17% were older than 55 years. Severe pelvic fractures (AP3, LC3) were more common in young patients (p < 0.05). Admitting systolic blood pressure was lower and heart rate higher, although ISS was not different between the two age groups. Older patients were 2.8 times as likely to undergo transfusion (p < 0.005), and those undergoing transfusion required more blood (median, 7.5 units vs. 5 units). Older patients underwent angiography more frequently and were significantly more likely to die in the hospital even after adjusting for ISS (p < 0.005). This was most marked with ISS 15 to 25. Lateral compression (LC) fractures occurred 4.6 times more frequently in older patients than anteroposterior (AP) compression, and 8.2 times more frequently in those older patients undergoing transfusion as compared with AP compression. Ninety-eight percent of LC fractures in older patients were minor (LC1,2). However, older patients with LC fractures were nearly four times as likely to require blood compared with younger patients.
Conclusion:
In older patients, pelvic fractures are more likely to produce hemorrhage and require angiography. Fracture patterns differ in older patients, with LC fractures occurring more frequently, and commonly causing significant blood loss. The outcome of older patients with pelvic fractures is significantly worse than younger patients, particularly with higher injury severity. Recognition of these differences should help clinicians to identify patients at high risk for bleeding and death early, and to refine diagnostic and resuscitation strategies.