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Selenium, an antioxidant nutrient.

Raymond F Burk1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2279, USA. raymond.burk@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu

Nutrition in Clinical Care : an Official Publication of Tufts University
|July 24, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Selenium is vital for antioxidant enzymes and preventing disease. Most people in the U.S. have adequate selenium levels, so routine supplementation is generally not needed.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Human Nutrition
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Selenium is an essential trace element crucial for antioxidant enzyme function.
  • Selenium deficiency in animals increases susceptibility to oxidative stress-induced injury.
  • A specific human disease is linked exclusively to selenium deficiency, highlighting its importance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess selenium nutritional status in the U.S. population.
  • To determine the prevalence of selenium repletion.
  • To inform recommendations regarding selenium supplementation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of plasma selenium concentrations from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III).
  • Inclusion of data from 17,630 subjects across the United States.

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  • Utilizing plasma selenium levels to define selenium repletion status (≥ 8 micrograms/dL).

    • Main Results:

    • Over 99% of the surveyed U.S. subjects demonstrated selenium repletion.
    • Plasma selenium concentrations indicated optimal selenoprotein function in the vast majority.
    • Estimated daily selenium intake in the U.S. exceeds the Recommended Dietary Allowance.

    Conclusions:

    • Selenium deficiency is rare in the United States.
    • The general U.S. population is selenium replete.
    • Routine selenium supplementation is not recommended for adults in the U.S.