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Optical efficiency of image sensor pixels.

Peter B Catrysse1, Brian A Wandell

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, California 94305, USA. peter@kaos.stanford.edu

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
|August 3, 2002
PubMed
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Image sensor light sensitivity, crucial for high-quality imaging, is determined by pixel materials and optics. This study calculates optical efficiency using a geometrical-optics approach, validating it with experimental CMOS digital pixel sensor data.

Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Semiconductor device physics

Background:

  • High-quality image reproduction relies heavily on image sensor light sensitivity.
  • Pixel materials, circuitry, and optical properties significantly influence sensor sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To calculate the optical efficiency of a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor pixel.
  • To validate theoretical calculations with experimental measurements.
  • To demonstrate the application of optical efficiency calculations in balancing pixel sensitivity and functionality during CMOS process scaling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a geometrical-optics phase-space approach for optical efficiency calculation.
  • Employed a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) digital pixel sensor for experimental validation.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Compared theoretical predictions with experimental measurements.

    • Main Results:

    • Theoretical optical efficiency calculations were performed for a CMOS image sensor pixel.
    • Experimental measurements from a CMOS digital pixel sensor showed agreement with theoretical predictions within 3%.
    • A method was presented for optimizing the trade-off between image sensor pixel sensitivity and functionality.

    Conclusions:

    • The geometrical-optics phase-space approach accurately predicts CMOS image sensor pixel optical efficiency.
    • Optical efficiency calculations are valuable for guiding the design and scaling of image sensors.
    • Understanding and optimizing optical efficiency is key to advancing digital imaging technology.