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Tuberculosis and vitamin D deficiency.

P K Sasidharan1, E Rajeev, V Vijayakumari

  • 1Department of Medicine, Calicut Medical College, Kerala.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|August 8, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin D deficiency is common in tuberculosis patients, with levels below 9 ng/ml indicating deficiency. Reduced dietary intake, not sunlight exposure, appears to be the primary cause in these individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Vitamin D plays a crucial role in immune function and overall health.
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health concern.
  • The relationship between vitamin D status and active TB requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine normal 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in healthy individuals.
  • To assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with active tuberculosis.
  • To explore potential causes of vitamin D deficiency in TB patients.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study involving 35 patients with active tuberculosis and 16 healthy controls.
  • Assessment of clinical characteristics, dietary vitamin D intake, and serum vitamin D levels.
  • Exclusion criteria included conditions affecting vitamin D metabolism (e.g., malabsorption, liver/renal disorders, HIV, diabetes).

Main Results:

  • Patients with active TB had significantly lower mean serum vitamin D levels (10.7 ng/ml) compared to controls (19.5 ng/ml).
  • Over 45% of TB patients (16 out of 35) exhibited vitamin D deficiency (levels < 9 ng/ml).
  • Adequate sunlight exposure was noted in deficient individuals, suggesting reduced dietary intake as a key factor.

Conclusions:

  • Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels below 9 ng/ml signify deficiency.
  • Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in active TB patients and may precede or contribute to the disease.
  • Decreased dietary intake is identified as a primary cause of vitamin D deficiency in this population.

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