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Expression of TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3 in gastric cancer
Hiroyuki Kirikoshi1, Masaru Katoh
1Genetics and Cell Biology Section, Genetics Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
Abstract:
Expression of some members of the trefoil factor (TFF) and the WNT gene families is regulated together by estrogen. We have cloned and characterized human WNT signaling molecules using bioinformatics, cDNA-library screening and cDNA-PCR to investigate expression profile of WNT signaling molecules in human gastric cancer. Here, we investigated expression profile of TFF1/pS2, TFF2/SP and TFF3/ITF in human gastric cancer. Among 7 gastric cancer cell lines, TFF1 was expressed in OKAJIMA, TMK1, MKN45, and KATO-III, TFF2 in KATO-III, and TFF3 in MKN45 and KATO-III. TFFs were preferentially expressed in diffuse-type gastric cancer cell lines. Expression of TFFs in primary gastric cancer was next investigated. TFF1 was down-regulated in 7 cases out of 12 cases (58.3%) of primary gastric cancer. TFF2 was down-regulated in 10 out of 12 cases (83.3%) of primary gastric cancer. TFF3 was down-regulated in 2 out of 12 cases (16.7%) of primary gastric cancer, and was up-regulated in 5 out of 12 cases (41.7%). TFF1 and TFF2 were frequently down-regulated in primary gastric cancer, while TFF3 was up-regulated in some cases of primary gastric cancer. This is the first report on comprehensive expression analyses on TFFs in gastric cancer.
Insights
Trefoil factor (TFF) gene expression, including TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3, was analyzed in human gastric cancer. TFF1 and TFF2 were often down-regulated, while TFF3 showed varied expression in gastric tumors.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Estrogen regulates expression of trefoil factor (TFF) and WNT gene families.
- WNT signaling molecules are crucial in various biological processes.
- Gastric cancer development involves complex genetic alterations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the expression profile of TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 in human gastric cancer.
- To analyze the differential expression of TFFs in gastric cancer cell lines and primary tumors.
- To establish a comprehensive understanding of TFF expression in gastric cancer.
Main Methods:
- Bioinformatics analysis, cDNA-library screening, and cDNA-PCR were used to characterize WNT signaling molecules.
- Expression analysis of TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 in seven human gastric cancer cell lines.
- Quantitative analysis of TFF expression in twelve primary gastric cancer tissues.
Main Results:
- TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 showed differential expression patterns in gastric cancer cell lines.
- TFFs were preferentially expressed in diffuse-type gastric cancer cell lines.
- TFF1 and TFF2 were frequently down-regulated in primary gastric cancer (58.3% and 83.3%, respectively).
- TFF3 exhibited down-regulation in 16.7% and up-regulation in 41.7% of primary gastric cancer cases.
Conclusions:
- This study provides the first comprehensive expression analysis of TFFs in human gastric cancer.
- TFF1 and TFF2 are frequently down-regulated in gastric cancer, suggesting a tumor-suppressive role.
- TFF3 displays complex expression patterns, with potential roles in both suppression and promotion of gastric cancer.