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Implicit measures in social cognition. research: their meaning and use
Russell H Fazio1, Michael A Olson
1Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1222, USA. Fazio@psy.ohio-state.edu
Annual Review of Psychology
|August 13, 2002
Summary
Researchers are exploring indirect psychological measures to overcome direct reporting biases. This review examines the validity and application of these implicit measures, including the Implicit Association Test, across various psychological domains.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Traditional psychological measures often suffer from response biases.
- Indirect, or implicit, measures offer an alternative to direct self-reports.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the growing body of research utilizing implicit measures.
- To discuss the predictive validity, interrelations, and underlying mechanisms of these measures.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on implicit measures.
- Focus on priming measures and the Implicit Association Test (IAT).
Main Results:
- Implicit measures have been applied across domains like attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes.
- Discussion of predictive validity, interrelations, and operational mechanisms.
Conclusions:
- Implicit measures show promise but require further clarification on construct nature and predictive scope.
- Understanding conditions for relation to explicit measures and sensitivity to context is crucial.