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Pathways to obesity.

E Jéquier1

  • 1Institute of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland. eric.jequier@iphysiol.unil.ch

International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
|August 14, 2002
PubMed
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Rising global obesity is linked to environmental and behavioral factors, particularly high-fat diets and inactivity. Dietary fat contributes to obesity by increasing nutrient utilization efficiency and promoting fat storage.

Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Obesity Research
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • Global obesity rates are increasing, suggesting environmental and behavioral factors are primary drivers.
  • Dietary fat intake and reduced physical activity are key environmental influences contributing to obesity.
  • Understanding the mechanisms by which dietary fat impacts obesity is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence linking dietary fat consumption to obesity development.
  • To explore the physiological and behavioral factors that connect high-fat diets to weight gain.
  • To assess the effectiveness of low-fat diets in managing obesity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on dietary fat, nutrient metabolism, and obesity.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of the thermic effect of nutrients and fuel selection post-ingestion.
  • Examination of appetite regulation and energy intake in response to high-fat diets.
  • Evaluation of studies on the long-term effects of low-fat diets on weight management.

    • Main Results:

    • Dietary lipids have a lower thermic effect, increasing nutrient utilization efficiency compared to carbohydrates and proteins.
    • Dietary fats are preferentially stored as triacylglycerol in adipose tissue, especially when lipid oxidation is inhibited (e.g., by alcohol).
    • High-fat diets can lead to passive overconsumption due to weak or delayed appetite-control signals, promoting excessive energy intake.
    • Low-fat diets show modest short-term weight loss in obese individuals, but long-term public health impact is limited by poor compliance.

    Conclusions:

    • Dietary fat plays a significant role in obesity development through enhanced energy storage and promotion of overconsumption.
    • Appetite regulation is less effective in controlling intake from high-fat meals.
    • While low-fat diets can aid weight loss, adherence challenges limit their widespread effectiveness.