Simultaneous determination of codeine and pyridoxine in pharmaceutical preparations by first-derivative...

A method for the simultaneous determination of codeine and pyridoxine was developed, based on the measurement of their native fluorescence signals, by using first-derivative spectrofluorimetry to resolve the mixture. Codeine was measured at lambda(em) = 309 nm, and pyridoxine was measured at lambda(em) = 450 nm. Instrumental parameters were optimized, and the emission spectra were recorded between 275 and 475 nm, at lambda(ex) = 255 nm and excitation and emission slit widths of 2.5 and 10 nm, respectively. Systematic studies on the influence of species usually present along with the analytes (such as caffeine, ascorbic acid, paracetamol, and thiamine) were also performed. The calibration graphs were linear over the ranges of 0.5-7.0 and 0.1-1.0 microg/mL for codeine and pyridoxine, respectively, and the relative standard deviations (n = 10) were about 3%. The method was successfully applied to the determination of codeine and pyridoxine in solutions of synthetic mixtures and in synthetic and semisynthetic pharmaceutical formulations.