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Interrelations between the small isolated groups with homogeneous and heterogeneous composition.
V I Gushin1, J M Pustynnikova, T M Smirnova
1Institute for Biomedical Problems, Moscow, Russia. vgushin@imbp.ru
Human Performance in Extreme Environments : the Journal of the Society for Human Performance in Extreme Environments
|August 17, 2002
Summary
Increased crew diversity in space missions poses risks to cohesion. Cultural and gender differences led to "us vs. them" dynamics, hindering team formation and negative perceptions over time.
Area of Science:
- Space exploration
- Human factors in spaceflight
- Crew psychology
Background:
- Crew heterogeneity (cultural, gender) is a risk factor for cohesion.
- Cohesion relies on shared perceptions of social environment, goals, and values.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the impact of cultural and gender diversity on crew cohesion during long-duration space simulations.
- To understand how heterogeneity affects interpersonal dynamics and group formation.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of three isolated groups (110-240 days) with varying cultural/gender compositions.
- Utilized a modified Kelly's repertory grid technique for monthly self and peer assessments.
- Conducted during a space simulation at the Institute for Biomedical Problems, Moscow.
Main Results:
- National Russian and international groups failed to form a cohesive crew.
- A clear "us vs. them" mentality developed, worsening over time.
- Cultural and language barriers impeded shared understanding and emotional connection.
Conclusions:
- Perceptual differences in the interpersonal environment, group goals, and values hindered joint cohesive crew formation.
- Heterogeneity significantly challenges the development of unified space crews.
- Intergroup dynamics require careful management in diverse space missions.