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Antibody persistence in five-year-old children who received a pentavalent combination vaccine in infancy
Rose-Marie Carlsson1, Bo A Claesson, Eva Fagerlund
1Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Ostra, Göteborg, Sweden. rose-marie.carlsson@infect.gu.se
Insights
Antibody persistence was satisfactory in children vaccinated with either three or four doses of a combined vaccine in infancy. No clinically significant differences in antibody levels were observed at 5.5 years of age between the two vaccination schedules.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric immunology
- Vaccinology
- Infectious disease prevention
Background:
- Study of antibody persistence in children vaccinated in infancy with a combined diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated polio, and Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine.
- Comparison of antibody levels after three priming doses (2-4-6 months) versus two priming doses (3-5 months) followed by a booster dose.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate long-term antibody persistence at 5.5 years of age.
- To compare antibody concentrations and proportions above protective levels between different infant vaccination schedules.
Main Methods:
- Follow-up serum samples from 180 children (88 from 4-dose group, 92 from 3-dose group) were tested for antibodies.
- Antibody levels were measured for diphtheria, tetanus, poliovirus types 1-3, Haemophilus influenzae type b, pertussis toxoid, and filamentous hemagglutinin.
Main Results:
- No significant differences in antibody concentrations or protective proportions between 3-dose and 4-dose groups, except for poliovirus type 3.
- High antibody persistence for diphtheria (89%), tetanus (93%), polioviruses (96-99%), and H. influenzae type b (97%).
- Variable pertussis antibody detection rates depending on assay (44% for pertussis toxoid by ELISA, 99% by neutralization test).
Conclusions:
- Antibody persistence was satisfactory in both vaccination groups.
- No clinically relevant differences in antibody concentrations were found between the three-dose and four-dose infant vaccination schedules at 5.5 years of age.
Background:
Antibody persistence was studied in 5.5-year-old Swedish children who in infancy completed a vaccine trial of a combined diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, acellular pertussis, inactivated polio and Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine. Three priming doses at ages 2-4-6 months induced higher geometric mean concentrations of antibodies for all antigens than did two doses at 3-5 months, but there were no differences in proportions with protective antibody concentrations. After the booster dose administered at 13 or 12 months of age, respectively, there were no differences in concentrations or proportions between the groups.
Methods:
In the present follow-up serum samples from 180 of the 228 vaccinees, 88 from the 4-dose and 92 from the 3-dose group, were 4.5 years later again tested for antibodies.
Results:
The two groups did not differ significantly in antibody concentrations or proportions with antibodies above protective or other defined levels, with the exception of poliovirus type 3 (P < or = 0.01). In all 89% had > or = 0.01 IU/ml antibodies against diphtheria by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and 76% by the Vero cell neutralization test, 93% had > or = 0.01 IU/ml antibodies against tetanus, 96 to 99% had detectable antibodies against the polioviruses and 97% had > or = 0.15 microg/ml H. influenzae type b antibodies. As for pertussis only 44% had detectable antibodies against pertussis toxoid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay but 99% by Chinese hamster ovary cell neutralization test, and 94% had detectable antibodies against filamentous hemagglutinin.
Conclusion:
We found the persistence of antibodies satisfactory, with no clinically relevant differences in antibody concentrations demonstrated between children vaccinated according to a three dose or a four dose schedule in infancy.