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Gender differences in morningness-eveningness preference.

Ana Adan1, Vincenzo Natale

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain.

Chronobiology International
|August 17, 2002
PubMed
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Men show a stronger eveningness preference compared to women, indicating significant gender differences in circadian typology. This study surveyed 2135 university students using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ).

Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Sleep Science
  • Human Circadian Rhythms

Background:

  • Circadian typology, or morningness-eveningness preference, significantly influences biological and behavioral rhythms.
  • Understanding individual differences in circadian timing is crucial for various fields, including health and performance.
  • Previous research suggests potential gender variations in circadian preferences, but large-scale studies are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender differences in morningness-eveningness preference within a large university student population.
  • To analyze the distribution of circadian typologies (morning, intermediate, evening) between men and women.
  • To identify specific factors within the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) that are sensitive to gender differences.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Utilized the Horne and Ostberg questionnaire (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire - MEQ) to assess circadian typology.
  • Surveyed a large sample of 2135 university students aged 18-30 years.
  • Performed factor analysis to identify underlying dimensions of the MEQ, examining gender-specific item responses.

Main Results:

  • A significant gender difference was observed in mean MEQ scores (p < 0.0001), with men exhibiting a more pronounced eveningness preference.
  • The distribution across circadian typologies (morning, intermediate, evening) also differed significantly between genders (p < 0.00001).
  • Factor analysis revealed three key factors: time of greatest efficiency, sleep phase, and awakening time/sleep inertia, with factors I and II showing gender sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Significant gender disparities exist in morningness-eveningness preference among university students.
  • Men tend to lean more towards eveningness, impacting their optimal timing for activities and sleep.
  • These findings contribute to understanding circadian regulation and its gender-specific manifestations in sleep-wake cycles.