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Brain research in functional gastrointestinal disorders.

Yehuda Ringel1

  • 1Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 778 Burnett-Womack, CB# 7080, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7080, USA. ringel@med.unc.edu

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
|August 20, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) involve brain-gut axis dysregulation. Research shows altered brain responses to gut signals in FGID patients, highlighting the central nervous system

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Area of Science:

  • Neurogastroenterology
  • Brain-Gut Axis Research
  • Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs)

Background:

  • FGIDs are understood to arise from disrupted communication along the brain-gut axis.
  • Psychosocial and environmental factors significantly modulate FGID development via the biopsychosocial model.
  • Growing interest exists in exploring brain function's role in gut motor and sensory processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate brain mechanisms underlying gastrointestinal symptom generation.
  • To examine brain responses to gut stimulation and vice versa.
  • To understand the role of central nervous system alterations in FGID pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized techniques like transcranial magnetic stimulation for brain-to-gut studies.

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  • Employed cortical evoked potentials, positron emission tomography, and fMRI for gut-to-brain studies.
  • Analyzed brain activation patterns during visceral stimulation (e.g., rectal distention).

    • Main Results:

    • Visceral sensation activates multiple brain regions involved in sensation, cognition, and affect.
    • Patients with irritable bowel syndrome exhibit different brain responses to visceral distention compared to healthy individuals.
    • Evidence suggests the central nervous system plays a crucial role in processing visceral signals.

    Conclusions:

    • Altered brain processes, particularly in perception and affective responses, may be key in FGID development.
    • Brain research in FGIDs is an emerging field with significant implications for understanding these complex disorders.
    • The central nervous system's role in conducting and processing visceral signals is emphasized.