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Climacteric: concept, consequence and care
Nimit Taechakraichana1, Unnop Jaisamrarn, Krasean Panyakhamlerd
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Summary
The climacteric period, encompassing menopause, involves natural life changes with potential health risks like osteoporosis. Personalized therapeutic strategies, including lifestyle changes and medical treatments, are crucial for managing menopausal health effectively.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Endocrinology
- Gerontology
- Women's Health
Background:
- The climacteric period, including peri-menopause, menopause, and post-menopause, signifies a natural phase of declining ovarian activity.
- This transition can be associated with various health consequences, including menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer's disease.
- Menopausal status varies (natural, surgical, early, premature ovarian failure), and health outcomes are influenced by genetic and environmental interactions, with ethnic differences observed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the understanding of the climacteric period and its associated health consequences.
- To discuss the principles of clinical decision-making in menopausal therapy based on health risk stratification.
- To explore current and future therapeutic strategies for managing menopausal health.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of current knowledge on the climacteric period.
- Analysis of different menopausal statuses and their health implications.
- Overview of medical (hormone replacement therapy and non-HRT) and non-medical (lifestyle modification) therapeutic approaches.
Main Results:
- Menopausal therapy decisions should be guided by individual health risk stratification.
- Therapeutic strategies encompass lifestyle modifications, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and non-HRT alternatives.
- Alternative options for those with HRT contraindications or intolerance include selective estrogen receptor modulators, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, calcium, and vitamin D.
Conclusions:
- Successful menopausal therapy requires matching appropriate treatment options to individual women's characteristics and needs.
- Future research should focus on advancing diagnosis and therapy in health promotion, disease prevention, and treatment.
- Emphasis will be placed on developing novel pharmaceutical agents with enhanced efficacy, safety, and convenience, alongside exploring alternative medicine and technologies.