Population-based study of spectacles use in southern India

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Public Health
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Refractive error is a significant cause of visual impairment globally.
• Spectacle use is a primary method for correcting refractive errors and improving vision.
• Understanding spectacle use patterns is crucial for addressing visual impairment in diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the prevalence and demographic associations of spectacle use in Andhra Pradesh, India.
• To identify barriers to spectacle use among individuals with refractive error.
• To inform strategies for improving vision correction in the region.

Main Methods:

• A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in Andhra Pradesh, India.
• 11,786 subjects were sampled using stratified, random, cluster, systematic sampling.
• Interviews and eye examinations, including dilated fundus evaluation, were performed on 7,432 subjects aged over 15 years.

Main Results:

• 13.8% of subjects over 15 years had a refractive error of spherical equivalent +/- 3.00 Diopter or worse.
• Only 34.2% of those with significant refractive error were currently using spectacles; 12.3% had used them previously.
• Higher odds of spectacle use were associated with education, urban living, and aphakia/pseudophakia.

Conclusions:

• Spectacle use is not optimal in this population, with two-thirds of those with significant refractive error not using correction.
• Barriers include poor quality of refractive services (incorrect prescriptions, discomfort) and affordability issues.
• Implementing vision screening, promoting eye health, monitoring service quality, and regulating spectacle costs are recommended to reduce visual impairment from refractive error.