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[Fulminant hepatic failure].

Jaime Poniachik1, Rodrigo Quera, Andrea Lui

  • 1Sección de Gastroenterología, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 999, Santiago de Chile. jponiach@ns.hospital.uchile.cl

Revista Medica De Chile
|August 27, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is a severe, rapid liver injury causing massive cell death. Early management and liver transplantation significantly improve survival rates for this critical condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Pathology

Context:

  • Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is a rare but life-threatening condition characterized by acute liver injury and massive hepatocyte necrosis.
  • It presents with hepatic encephalopathy and coagulopathy, with distinct classifications based on the timing of encephalopathy onset (hyperacute, acute, subacute).
  • Etiologies are diverse, including viral infections, drug toxicity, and other systemic conditions, with no single predominant cause identified.

Purpose:

  • To define Fulminant Hepatic Failure (FHF) and its clinical characteristics.
  • To outline the diagnostic criteria and etiological factors contributing to FHF.
  • To discuss prognostic indicators and current therapeutic strategies for FHF.

Summary:

  • FHF involves severe liver damage, leading to encephalopathy and impaired prothrombin time.
  • Prognosis is influenced by age, cause, encephalopathy severity, prothrombin time, and bilirubin levels.
  • Management focuses on supportive care, addressing complications, and considering liver transplantation.

Impact:

  • Liver transplantation offers a survival rate of 60-80% for FHF patients.
  • Innovative therapies like hepatic support systems and auxiliary transplantation are advancing FHF treatment.
  • Understanding FHF's complexities is crucial for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes.

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