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Remember-know judgments can depend on how memory is tested.

J L Hicks1, R L Marsh

  • 1University of Georgia, Athens 30602-3013, USA. jhicks@lsu.edu

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|August 30, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Remember-know judgments reveal subjective awareness during memory retrieval. Simultaneous new item judgments liberalized response bias in recognition and remember-know assessments.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Memory

Background:

  • Remember-know judgments are crucial for understanding the subjective experience of memory retrieval.
  • Episodic memory retrieval involves assessing not only item recognition but also the qualitative nature of that memory (remember vs. know).
  • Previous research has explored various paradigms for eliciting these judgments, but the impact of simultaneous response options remains less clear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how different judgment conditions affect remember-know assessments and recognition performance.
  • To examine the influence of study duration (short vs. long) on these judgments.
  • To evaluate the validity of remember-know judgments under simultaneous old-new-new response conditions.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Participants underwent recognition memory tests under three conditions: old-new recognition, old-new recognition followed by remember-know judgments, and simultaneous remember-know-new judgments.
  • Stimuli were presented for either a short (1-second) or long (4.5-second) study duration.
  • Signal detection theory was used to analyze response bias and sensitivity.

    • Main Results:

    • Recognition and remember-know judgments in the first two conditions were consistent.
    • The simultaneous remember-know-new judgment condition led to a significantly more liberal response bias compared to the other two conditions.
    • This liberal bias was observed for both recognition accuracy and the assignment of remember/know judgments, irrespective of study duration.

    Conclusions:

    • The method of presenting response options significantly impacts the interpretation of remember-know judgments.
    • Simultaneous consideration of all alternatives can inflate liberal response biases, potentially affecting the perceived accuracy of subjective memory states.
    • Findings support the utility of single-process signal detection models in explaining these subjective awareness states in memory retrieval.