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Related Experiment Videos

Deficits in lexical and semantic processing: implications for models of normal language.

J R Shelton1, A Caramazza

  • 1Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. jshelton@wjh.harvard.edu

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|August 30, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Investigating language processing in brain-damaged patients reveals semantic knowledge is separate from word form. This supports a componential model of lexical knowledge, not modality-specific word meanings.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Understanding normal language processing can be informed by studying individuals with brain damage.
  • Deficits in semantic and lexical processing offer insights into how the brain represents and accesses word meanings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize findings on semantic and lexical processing deficits after brain damage.
  • To examine the organization of semantic knowledge and lexical access mechanisms.
  • To evaluate competing models of word meaning representation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neuropsychological studies on language processing deficits.
  • Analysis of evidence regarding the independence of semantic, phonological, and orthographic knowledge.

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  • Integration of findings with functional neuroimaging data.

    • Main Results:

    • Evidence broadly supports a componential organization of lexical knowledge.
    • Semantic knowledge appears independent of phonological and orthographic form.
    • Phonological and orthographic form knowledge are also independent of each other.
    • Findings do not support modality-specific subcomponents for word meaning.

    Conclusions:

    • Lexical knowledge is organized into distinct, independent components.
    • Brain damage studies provide crucial constraints for models of normal language processing.
    • Neuropsychological and neuroimaging data converge to support a componential view of word representation.