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Individual differences during driver secondary task performance: verbal protocol and visual allocation findings.

Terry C Lansdown1

  • 1Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK. t.lansdown@hw.ac.uk

Accident; Analysis and Prevention
|September 7, 2002
PubMed
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Experienced drivers focus more on the road, while novices struggle with driving tasks. Gender also influences in-vehicle task performance and driving behavior.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Factors Engineering
  • Transportation Safety

Background:

  • In-vehicle tasks can divert driver attention, potentially compromising road safety.
  • Understanding individual differences in attention allocation is crucial for designing safer driving systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate individual differences in drivers' visual allocation and verbal reports during in-vehicle tasks.
  • To compare experienced (licensed) versus novice (unlicensed) drivers' performance on secondary tasks.
  • To explore gender-based differences in driving behavior and secondary task engagement.

Main Methods:

  • Participants drove a simulated route while performing in-vehicle entertainment system tasks of varying complexity.
  • Visual allocation and verbal reports were recorded to assess attention distribution.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis compared experienced vs. novice drivers and male vs. female drivers.

    • Main Results:

    • Experienced drivers produced more verbal reports related to the driving environment (road signs, vehicles, scenery) than novices.
    • No significant difference in reporting on in-car entertainment system tasks between driver groups.
    • Males drove faster with greater variance and made more verbal reports; females made fewer reports during secondary tasks.

    Conclusions:

    • Novice drivers may dedicate more attentional resources to the primary driving task compared to experienced drivers.
    • Driving experience appears to automate the driving skill, freeing up attention for secondary tasks.
    • Expertise in driving does not necessarily translate to expertise in performing secondary in-vehicle tasks.