Demetrius E M Litwin1, Yuri Novitsky, Kent W Kercher
1Associate Professor of Surgery, Director Minimally Invasive Surgery Services, Director UMass/Smith and Nephew Center for Research in Endoscopic Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School and University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care, Worcester, MA.
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Laparoscopic surgery evolved rapidly since 1985, with technological advances enabling complex procedures. However, widespread surgeon adoption of these innovations remains slow despite progress.
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