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Related Experiment Videos

Recent exposure affects artifact naming.

Steven A Sloman1, Marianne C Harrison, Barbara C Malt

  • 1Cognitive and Linguistic Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA. stevensloman@brown.edu

Memory & Cognition
|September 11, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Recent object exposure influences naming. Seeing familiar items and their names primes how we label new, ambiguous objects, with similar items having a greater impact.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Object labeling relies on cultural norms and memory retrieval.
  • Accessing culturally appropriate names is crucial for consistent labeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how immediate prior exposure to familiar objects and their names affects the naming of an ambiguous target object.
  • To determine if exposure to typical or contrasting instances influences object categorization and naming.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted presenting participants with familiar objects and their names before ambiguous target objects.
  • Exposure conditions varied, including typical instances, contrasting neighbors, and prototypical examples.
  • Object similarity to the target and contrast categories was systematically manipulated.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Exposure to a contrasting object category, especially a neighbor, biased naming towards that category.
  • This bias was reduced when a typical instance of the contrast category was also exposed.
  • Naming consistency was proportional to the similarity of recently exposed objects to the target.

Conclusions:

  • Recent object and name exposure significantly influences object labeling decisions.
  • The degree of influence is mediated by the similarity between exposed items and the target object.
  • This suggests a dynamic memory retrieval process in culturally-bound object naming.