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Updated: Sep 29, 2026

Echocardiographic Approaches and Protocols for Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Valvular Heart Disease in Mice
Published on: February 14, 2017
Supravalvular mitral stenosis in a cat
Deborah M Fine1, Anthony H Tobias, Kristin A Jacob
1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA.
Abstract:
A 3-year-old, 4-kg, castrated male domestic shorthair cat presented with signs of progressive respiratory distress. Thoracic radiographs showed pulmonary edema and pleural effusion. Echocardiography revealed a perforate membrane immediately above the mitral valve that divided the left atrium into proximal and distal chambers. The left auricle was proximal to the dividing membrane and connected to the markedly enlarged proximal left atrial chamber, consistent with the diagnosis of supravalvular mitral stenosis (SMS). Position of the obstructing membrane relative to the left auricle distinguishes SMS from cor triatriatum sinister (CTS). In CTS, the left auricle is distal to the dividing membrane and connects to the distal left atrial chamber.
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