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Clinical relevance of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae

Burke A Cunha1

  • 1Infectious Disease Division, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola; and the State University of New York School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11501, USA.

Seminars in Respiratory Infections
|September 13, 2002
PubMed

Insights

Penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae is increasing globally. Careful antibiotic selection, prioritizing respiratory quinolones and avoiding macrolides, is crucial for effective treatment and minimizing further resistance.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of respiratory infections like pneumonia and otitis.
  • Increasing minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to penicillin have been observed globally.
  • Decreased penicillin susceptibility is driven by resistant pneumococcal clones and overuse of other antibiotics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status of penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • To provide guidance on appropriate antibiotic selection for S. pneumoniae infections.
  • To emphasize strategies for minimizing the development of further antibiotic resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance patterns.
  • Analysis of antibiotic susceptibility data and clinical treatment outcomes.
  • Pharmacokinetic considerations for antibiotic efficacy at various body sites.

Main Results:

  • Penicillin resistance is defined by MICs ≥ 2 microg/mL; intermediate resistance (MIC 1-2 microg/mL) is concentration-dependent.
  • For most S. pneumoniae infections, penicillin or other beta-lactams remain effective, except in cases of meningitis.
  • Respiratory quinolones, clindamycin, doxycycline, and third-generation cephalosporins are optimal for non-CNS infections.

Conclusions:

  • Judicious antibiotic selection is essential to combat rising penicillin resistance in S. pneumoniae.
  • Minimizing macrolide monotherapy and using full-dose, low-resistance potential antibiotics is recommended.
  • For highly resistant strains, alternative agents like fluoroquinolones, cefepime, meropenem, vancomycin, or linezolid are necessary.

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