Finite element analysis of forces created by root separation and resection modelling

Area of Science:

• Dental Mechanics
• Periodontology
• Biomaterials

Background:

• Natural teeth transfer stress under functional loads, with variations influenced by treatment.
• Periodontal disease, specifically furcation involvement in molars, alters normal stress patterns.
• Understanding stress transfer is crucial for effective restorative procedures and preserving alveolar bone.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate stress transfer variations in mandibular first molars with furcation involvement.
• To compare stress patterns after root resection versus root separation procedures.
• To provide insights for clinical decision-making in restorative dentistry.

Main Methods:

• A two-dimensional mathematical model of a mandibular first molar was developed.
• Simulations included root resection and root separation procedures.
• A dynamic load of 600 N was applied to simulate functional forces.

Main Results:

• Root resection model: Maximum stress at the center of rotation; increased compressive stress near the cervical line.
• Root separation model: Maximum shear stress in the distal portion; uniform stress in the mesial portion.
• Increased shear stress in the bifurcation area for both models, particularly towards the center.

Conclusions:

• Both root resection and root separation significantly alter stress distribution patterns in molars.
• The findings highlight differences in how these procedures affect stress concentration and distribution.
• This study offers valuable data for guiding clinical restorative strategies in periodontally compromised molars.