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Protocadherins.

Marcus Frank1, Rolf Kemler

  • 1Department of Molecular Embryology, Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology, Stuebeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany. frank@immunbio.mpg.de

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|September 17, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Protocadherins, a large group of cell adhesion molecules, are found in three main clusters. Many protocadherins are crucial for brain development and function, particularly in forming neural circuits and synapses.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Protocadherins are the largest subgroup of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules within the cadherin superfamily.
  • Recent advancements in genome sequencing have facilitated detailed phylogenetic analyses of protocadherins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the phylogenetic relationships of protocadherins.
  • To identify the genomic organization of protocadherin clusters.
  • To explore the potential roles of protocadherins in the central nervous system.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis based on genome sequencing data.
  • Identification and mapping of protocadherin gene clusters.
  • Analysis of protocadherin expression patterns in the central nervous system.

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Main Results:

  • Discovery of three large protocadherin clusters on human chromosome 5 and mouse chromosome 18.
  • Identification of approximately 70 protocadherins in mammals.
  • High expression of many protocadherins in the central nervous system.

Conclusions:

  • Protocadherins play significant roles in tissue morphogenesis and neuronal circuit formation during early vertebrate development.
  • In the postnatal brain, protocadherins are potentially involved in modulating synaptic transmission and establishing specific synaptic connections.