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Updated: Sep 29, 2026

Single Oocyte Bisulfite Mutagenesis
Published on: June 27, 2012
Evolutionary genetic models of the ovarian time bomb hypothesis for the evolution of genomic imprinting
Anton E Weisstein1, Marcus W Feldman, Hamish G Spencer
1Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand. anton.weisstein@stonebow.otago.ac.nz
Abstract:
At a small number of loci in eutherian mammals, only one of the two copies of a gene is expressed; the other is silenced. Such loci are said to be "imprinted," with some having the maternally inherited allele inactivated and others showing paternal inactivation. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain how such a genetic system could evolve in the face of the selective advantages of diploidy. In this study, we examine the "ovarian time bomb" hypothesis, which proposes that imprinting arose through selection for reduced risk of ovarian trophoblastic disease in females. We present three evolutionary genetic models that incorporate both this selection pressure and the effect of deleterious mutations to elucidate the conditions under which imprinting could evolve. Our findings suggest that the ovarian time bomb hypothesis can explain why some growth-enhancing genes active in early embryogenesis [e.g., mouse insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2)] have evolved to be maternally rather than paternally inactive and why the opposite imprinting status has evolved at some growth-inhibiting loci [e.g., mouse insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (Igf2r)].
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