[Bladder cancer producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF): a case report]

A case of bladder cancer producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is reported. A 76-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with gross hematuria and leukocytosis. He was diagnosed with advanced bladder cancer. His white blood cell (WBC) count and serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) level were elevated (peak WBC 22,010/microliter, peak G-CSF 351 pg/ml), which immediately normalized after cystectomy. The histopathological diagnosis was transitional cell carcinoma, grade 3, pT4, pN1. Immunohistochemical examination was positive for G-CSF and G-CSF receptor. There has been no recurrence of cancer for more than 23 months since the operation without any additional therapy.