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Summary
Southern European countries, once emigration hubs, are now experiencing significant immigration, particularly from non-European nations. This study examines migration patterns and their impact on labor markets and the underground economy.
Area of Science:
- Sociology
- Economics
- Demography
Background:
- Southern European nations historically characterized as countries of emigration.
- Recent shifts indicate a transition towards becoming primary destinations for immigrants.
Purpose of the Study:
- Analyze the transformation of Southern European countries from emigration to immigration nations.
- Examine the volume, characteristics, and patterns of non-European migration to Southern Europe.
- Investigate the role of migrants in the labor market and the expansion of the underground economy in Italy.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of migration trends in Southern Europe.
- Statistical examination of immigration volume and migrant demographics.
- Labor market analysis focusing on migrant integration and informal economy.
Main Results:
- Southern Europe has transitioned from emigration to immigration.
- Identified similarities in non-European migration patterns across Southern European countries.
- Evidence suggests migrants from developing countries play a role in the Italian labor market and contribute to the underground economy.
Conclusions:
- The study highlights the evolving migratory dynamics in Southern Europe.
- Findings underscore the socioeconomic impact of immigration on the region, particularly in Italy.
- The research provides insights into migrant labor and the informal sector.