Tubifex: a sensitive model for UV-B-induced phototoxicity

The natural increase of UV-B radiation levels due to depletion of the ozone layer in the atmosphere may impose additional stress for the survival of zooplanktons which serve as a major constituent of the aquatic food chain. To study the adverse effects of UV-B radiation on the aquatic biomass, studies were conducted using the aquatic organism Tubifex as a model, as UV-B radiation is known to penetrate into the natural waters. UV-B radiation induced mortality in tubifex and the production of activated oxygen species by these organisms. Alterations in DNA, RNA, protein, glutathione (GSH), hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBA-RS), ATPase, AChE, GST, and LDH activities in Tubifex at various doses (0-2.0 J) of UV-B radiation were found. LC(50) value for UV-B-induced mortality of Tubifex was 0.80+/-0.15 J and the threshold dose was 0.35+/-0.05 J; mortality began within 3h postirradiation. UV-B dose-dependent production of singlet oxygen, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radicals by Tubifex was observed. DNA, RNA, protein, and GSH contents were found to decrease significantly (P<0.001) while H(2)O(2) and TBA-RS increased (P<0.01) under the influence of UV-B radiation. The activities of ATpase, AChE, and GST enzymes were inhibited (P<0.01) and LDH activity was significantly increased (P<0.001) in Tubifex exposed to UV-B radiation. The results suggest that an increase in UV-B radiation alters several biochemical processes, leading to the mortality of the organism. Tubifex could be useful as a sensitive alternate model for studying UV-B-induced phototoxicity and possible mechanisms of action.