Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 18, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
Published on: January 23, 2017
Incidence of chronic hoarseness among school-age children
Abstract:
A speech and voice screening of a kindergarten through eight grade Hebrew day school indicated that: (1) 38 (23.4%) of the 162 children in the school exhibited chronic hoarseness, (2) the incidence was higher in the primary grades, and (3) more boys than girls exhibited the disorder. Vocal nodules were diagnosed in 77.7& of the children examined by otolaryngologists. The findings of this and other recent studies indicate that a large number of school-age children, particularly those in the primary grades, exhibit chronic hoarseness. Futhermore, many such children may be expected to have vocal nodules.
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