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Related Experiment Videos

Anticipatory middle-ear reflex activity from noisy toys.

L Marshall, J F Brandt, L E Marston

    The Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders
    |August 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Anticipatory middle-ear reflex (AMER) activity, a protective response, often occurred before toy noise exposure. This middle-ear reflex activity was not consistently linked to sound pressure level or loudness ratings.

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    Area of Science:

    • Auditory Neuroscience
    • Human Physiology

    Background:

    • The middle-ear reflex protects the inner ear from loud noises.
    • Anticipatory responses can occur before predictable stimuli.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate middle-ear reflex activity, including anticipatory responses, to noisy toys.
    • To determine the relationship between toy sound levels, loudness, and reflex activity.

    Main Methods:

    • Measured middle-ear reflex activity in 14 listeners.
    • Exposed participants to seven noisy toys (e.g., cap gun, party horn).
    • Recorded sound pressure levels (SPL) and loudness ratings.

    Main Results:

    • Anticipatory middle-ear reflex (AMER) activity was common, occurring up to 10 seconds before sound exposure.
    • Normal middle-ear reflexes typically occurred after sound exposure.
    • Reflex activity and AMERs were generally unrelated to SPL or loudness ratings.
    • Many reflexes occurred below expected thresholds.

    Conclusions:

    • Listeners exhibit anticipatory middle-ear reflexes to predictable toy noises.
    • The middle-ear reflex response to these toys is not solely dependent on sound intensity or perceived loudness.

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