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Preparation of amniotic membrane for ocular surface reconstruction
Hajib N Madhavan1, K Priya, J Malathi
1Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, 18 College Road, Chennai-600 006, India.
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
|October 3, 2002
Summary
Human amniotic membrane (AM) is prepared and preserved for ocular surface disease transplantation. Rigorous donor screening and sterile processing ensure safe, effective AM for transplantation, promoting healing and reducing rejection.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Tissue Engineering
- Immunology
Background:
- Ocular surface diseases require regenerative treatments.
- Human amniotic membrane (AM) is a promising biomaterial for ocular surface reconstruction.
- Standardized preparation and preservation protocols are crucial for AM transplantation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To detail the sterile preparation and cryopreservation of human AM for ocular transplantation.
- To outline donor screening procedures to ensure safety.
- To describe the storage and release criteria for AM grafts.
Main Methods:
- Donor screening for transmissible infections (HIV, HBV, HCV, Treponema pallidum).
- Sterile harvesting and processing of AM, removing blood clots and chorion.
- Mounting AM onto sterile nitrocellulose membranes and cryopreservation at -80°C.
- Release criteria based on repeat donor serology after the window period.
Main Results:
- Prepared AM can be stored for up to 6 months, with potential for longer indefinite storage.
- Incomplete HLA antigen expression on AM minimizes immune rejection.
- Presence of cytokines in AM promotes epithelialization and reduces fibrosis.
Conclusions:
- A standardized protocol for AM preparation and preservation enables its safe and effective use in treating ocular surface diseases.
- The immunoprivileged nature and regenerative properties of AM make it an ideal therapeutic option.
- Cryopreserved AM offers a viable solution for managing complex ocular surface pathologies.