Microtubules and microfilaments in cell morphogenesis in higher plants

Microtubules and microfilaments play important roles in cell morphogenesis. The picture emerging from drug studies and molecular-genetic analyses of mutant higher plants defective in cell morphogenesis shows that the roles played by them remain the same in both tip-growing and diffuse-growing cells. Microtubules are important for establishing and maintaining growth polarity whereas actin microfilaments deliver the materials required for growth to specified sites. The recent cloning of several cell morphogenesis genes has revealed that conserved mechanisms as well as novel signal transduction pathways spatially organize the plant cytoskeleton.