Herpes zoster ophthalmicus

We examined the literature for the latest information on diagnosis and management of herpes zoster, and compiled a representative database.

Using search engines and library resources, we reviewed pathology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and management.

The varicella zoster virus is a member of the herpes virus family that produces an infection through direct contact with active skin lesions or airborne droplets. The infection resides latent in the trigeminal ganglion until reactivated, often affecting the sensory nerve, skin, eye, and adnexa.

The varicella zoster virus has the potential to severely disrupt the structures of the eye. Patients less than 50 years of age should be referred for systemic workup to rule out an immunocompromised state. In general, management is often palliative and/or geared toward specific sequelae.