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[Brain biopsy in systemic diseases].

Françoise Gray1, Jean-Paul N'guyen

  • 1Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile-de-France Ouest, 104, boulevard Raymond-Poincaré, 92380 Garches. francoise.gray@rpc.aphop-paris.fr

Annales De Pathologie
|November 1, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Brain biopsy is a rare diagnostic tool for central nervous system diseases when a treatable condition is suspected. This review covers indications and findings for systemic diseases affecting the brain, aiding precise histological diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pathology
  • Systemic Diseases

Background:

  • Brain biopsy is rarely indicated for systemic diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS).
  • It is reserved for cases with suspected treatable conditions requiring precise histological diagnosis.
  • Clinical and radiological presentation guides the choice between open or stereotactic biopsy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the indications for brain biopsy in systemic diseases involving the CNS.
  • To detail the neuropathological findings in various systemic conditions affecting the brain.
  • To provide a diagnostic overview for challenging neurological cases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on brain biopsy in systemic diseases.
  • Analysis of neuropathological findings in CNS manifestations of systemic diseases.

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  • Discussion of diagnostic criteria and procedures.

    • Main Results:

    • Brain biopsy is crucial for diagnosing specific systemic diseases like CNS amyloidosis, cerebral angiitis, sarcoidosis, Whipple's disease, and histiocytoses.
    • Histological examination reveals characteristic patterns for each disease, guiding treatment.
    • Paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis also presents diagnostic challenges addressed by biopsy.

    Conclusions:

    • Brain biopsy is an exceptional but vital procedure for diagnosing treatable systemic diseases of the CNS.
    • Accurate neuropathological diagnosis is essential for targeted therapy in these rare conditions.
    • This review highlights key indications and findings for improved diagnostic strategies.