Prevalence of working smoke alarms in local authority inner city housing: randomised controlled trial
Diane Rowland1, Carolyn DiGuiseppi, Ian Roberts
1Public Health Intervention Research Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1B 3DP.
Objectives:
To identify which type of smoke alarm is most likely to remain working in local authority inner city housing, and to identify an alarm tolerated in households with smokers.
Design:
Randomised controlled trial.
Setting:
Two local authority housing estates in inner London.
Participants:
2145 households.
Intervention:
Installation of one of five types of smoke alarm (ionisation sensor with a zinc battery; ionisation sensor with a zinc battery and pause button; ionisation sensor with a lithium battery and pause button; optical sensor with a lithium battery; or optical sensor with a zinc battery).
Main Outcome Measure:
Percentage of homes with any working alarm and percentage in which the alarm installed for this study was working after 15 months.
Results:
54.4% (1166/2145) of all households and 45.9% (465/1012) of households occupied by smokers had a working smoke alarm. Ionisation sensor, lithium battery, and there being a smoker in the household were independently associated with whether an alarm was working (adjusted odds ratios 2.24 (95% confidence interval 1.75 to 2.87), 2.20 (1.77 to 2.75), and 0.62 (0.52 to 0.74)). The most common reasons for non-function were missing battery (19%), missing alarm (17%), and battery disconnected (4%).
Conclusions:
Nearly half of the alarms installed were not working when tested 15 months later. Type of alarm and power source are important determinants of whether a household had a working alarm.
