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Malaria surveillance--United States, 1993
L M Barat1, J R Zucker, A M Barber
1Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, USA.
Summary
Malaria cases in the U.S. increased by 40% in 1993, largely due to military deployment in Somalia and improved reporting from New York City. Travelers should seek medical care for flu-like symptoms after returning from endemic areas.
Area of Science:
- Medical Entomology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health Surveillance
Background:
- Malaria, a disease caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, primarily affects travelers to endemic regions.
- Surveillance is crucial for identifying local transmission and informing prevention strategies.
Observation:
- In 1993, 1,275 malaria cases were reported in the U.S., a 40% increase from 1992.
- A significant rise was linked to military personnel returning from Somalia and increased reporting from New York City.
- Most U.S. civilians acquiring malaria abroad did not use recommended chemoprophylaxis.
Findings:
- Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum were the most common species identified.
- Eleven cases were acquired within the U.S., including congenital, induced, and likely mosquito-borne transmissions.
- Eight deaths were associated with malaria infections.
Implications:
- The findings underscore the importance of malaria prevention for travelers and prompt medical evaluation for post-travel febrile illnesses.
- Updated guidelines and increased awareness are vital for healthcare providers to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.
- Continued surveillance is necessary to monitor malaria trends and guide public health interventions.