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Development and consequences of cannabis dependence.

Alan J Budney1, Brent A Moore

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, South Burlington 05403, USA.

Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
|November 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Cannabis dependence is a common condition with significant psychosocial impairment, supported by neurobiological evidence and a distinct withdrawal syndrome. While treatments show promise, achieving sustained abstinence remains challenging for many.

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Area of Science:

  • Addiction research
  • Neurobiology
  • Clinical psychology

Background:

  • Recent research confirms cannabis can lead to dependence.
  • Cannabis dependence is prevalent and linked to psychosocial issues.
  • A specific cannabinoid neurobiological system has been identified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on cannabis dependence.
  • To discuss associated consequences and treatment efficacy.
  • To highlight the increasing trend in treatment seeking.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical and basic research literature.
  • Analysis of epidemiological studies.
  • Examination of human and nonhuman studies on withdrawal.
  • Evaluation of clinical trials for treatment efficacy.

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Main Results:

  • Cannabis dependence is a common disorder with significant psychosocial impairment.
  • A valid cannabis withdrawal syndrome exists in heavy users.
  • Cannabis dependence is responsive to intervention, but abstinence is difficult.
  • Treatment seeking for marijuana dependence has nearly doubled.

Conclusions:

  • Cannabis dependence is a well-established disorder with neurobiological underpinnings.
  • Effective interventions exist, but relapse is a significant concern.
  • Further research and accessible treatments are needed for cannabis dependence.