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Microchimerism and human autoimmune diseases.

J L Nelson1

  • 1Program in Human Immunogenetics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle 98109-1024, USA. lnelson@fhcrc.org

Lupus
|November 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Fetal cells can persist in mothers for years, a phenomenon called microchimerism. This, along with HLA genes, may play a role in autoimmune diseases, though research is ongoing.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Cellular exchange occurs between fetus and mother during pregnancy.
  • Fetal cells can persist in maternal circulation long after delivery, termed microchimerism.
  • Microchimerism shares similarities with graft-vs-host disease, implicating HLA genes in autoimmune conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the hypothesis that microchimerism and host/non-host HLA genes contribute to autoimmune diseases.
  • To investigate other potential sources of microchimerism beyond pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on microchimerism and autoimmune diseases.
  • Analysis of the role of HLA genes in microchimerism-related autoimmunity.
  • Consideration of various microchimerism sources: maternal cells in progeny, twins, blood transfusions.

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Main Results:

  • Studies on systemic sclerosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, Sjögren's syndrome, and others provide mixed evidence.
  • The role of microchimerism in autoimmune disease pathogenesis remains under investigation.
  • The hypothesis suggests a link between microchimerism, HLA compatibility, and autoimmunity.

Conclusions:

  • Microchimerism, originating from pregnancy or other sources, is a potential factor in autoimmune disease development.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex relationship between microchimerism, HLA genes, and autoimmunity.
  • The female predilection for autoimmunity may be influenced by these microchimeric interactions.