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Brucellosis in Venezuela.

J Francisco¹, O Vargas

¹Area de Medicina de Grandes Animales, Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía, Decanato de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Estado Lara 5001, Venezuela.

Veterinary Microbiology

|November 5, 2002

Summary

Brucellosis control in Venezuela is updating diagnostic and vaccination strategies for cattle. New measures aim to reduce disease prevalence and protect human health from Brucella abortus.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Public Health
Zoonotic Disease Control
Epidemiology

Background:

Brucellosis, caused by Brucella abortus, is a significant public health issue in Venezuela, impacting cattle and buffalo populations.
The disease leads to high abortion rates in females and infertility in males, posing risks to humans through occupational exposure.
Existing control programs since 1968 include vaccination and culling, but reported prevalence rates are inconsistent.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline proposed updates to Venezuela's national brucellosis control program.
To enhance diagnostic accuracy and vaccination protocols for Brucella abortus in cattle.

Main Methods:

Transitioning from rapid agglutination tests to confirmatory diagnostics like Card Test, 2-Mercaptoethanol, complement fixation, and competitive ELISA.
Implementing mandatory vaccination for female calves (3-8 months) with B. abortus strain 19 or RB51.
Recommending revaccination for older cattle in high-prevalence areas.

Main Results:

Official reports show low reactor rates (0.8-1.2%), contrasting with higher reported averages (10.5%+) in some regions.
The proposed new resolution aims to improve disease detection and management.
Updated vaccination strategies target key age groups to bolster herd immunity.

Conclusions:

The revised control measures are expected to significantly reduce brucellosis prevalence in cattle herds.
Minimizing disease incidence in livestock will consequently lower the risk of human transmission.
These updates are crucial for effective zoonotic disease management in Venezuela.

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