Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2026

Cellular Redox Profiling Using High-content Microscopy
11:37

Cellular Redox Profiling Using High-content Microscopy

Published on: May 14, 2017

Update on mitochondrial toxicity of antiretrovirals and its link to lipodystrophy

Grace McComsey1

  • 1Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University Center for AIDS Research, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. mccomsey.grace@clevelandactu.org

AIDS Reviews
|November 6, 2002
PubMed

Insights

Nucleoside analogs, vital for HIV treatment, can cause mitochondrial damage, leading to side effects like lipoatrophy and hyperlactatemia. This review explores these toxicities and their impact on body shape.

Area of Science:

  • HIV/AIDS treatment
  • Mitochondrial toxicology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Antiretroviral drugs have improved HIV prognosis.
  • Nucleoside analogs are key HIV therapies.
  • Long-term use of these drugs causes toxicities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review the pathogenesis of mitochondrial damage from nucleoside analogs.
  • Discuss clinical consequences of this damage.
  • Focus on body-shape changes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of nucleoside analog toxicity.
  • Analysis of mitochondrial damage mechanisms.
  • Correlation of mitochondrial dysfunction with clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Nucleoside analogs induce mitochondrial damage.
  • This damage manifests as lipoatrophy and hyperlactatemia.
  • Organ/tissue specific side effects occur.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial damage is a significant concern with nucleoside analog therapy.
  • Understanding pathogenesis is crucial for managing side effects.
  • Body-shape changes are a notable clinical consequence.

More Related Videos

Experimental Protocol for Detecting Mitochondrial Function in Hepatocytes Exposed to Organochlorine Pesticides08:39

Experimental Protocol for Detecting Mitochondrial Function in Hepatocytes Exposed to Organochlorine Pesticides

Published on: September 16, 2020

Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.