Nuclear export of ribosomal subunits
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Updated: Sep 28, 2026

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
Published on: December 4, 2010
Arlen W Johnson1, Elsebet Lund, James Dahlberg
1Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 78712, USA. arlen@mail.utexas.edu
Abstract:
The partitioning of cells by a nuclear envelope ensures that precursors of ribosomes do not interact prematurely with other components of the translation machinery. Ribosomal subunits are assembled in nucleoli and exported to the cytoplasm in a CRM1/Ran-GTP-dependent fashion. Export of the large (60S) subunit requires a shuttling adaptor protein, NMD3, which binds to mature, correctly folded subunits. Immature or defective particles do not bind NMD3 and thus are excluded from the export pathway. This structural proofreading is extended into the cytoplasm, where it is believed that several energy-requiring steps release shuttling factors from the subunit, allowing it to function in translation.
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